Solar PV generation is concentrated in the daytime period, matching the railway load, so it is appropriate to introduce solar PV generation into the railway's energy supply system (IEA,2019). Therefore, a series of railway system transformations are needed to fully exploit this advantage.
As seen, all the available solar energy in the rail sector itself is as much as 3157.8 TWh per year. Since there is less rail mileage in Zone I and IV, less utilized space is available for solar energy integration. The available solar energy in Zone I and IV are 79.8 TWh and 230.4 TWh, respectively, occupying 2.5% and 7.3% in the total.
In summary, the main application of the railway system after energy is self-use power generation and surplus electricity access to the grid. The railway system should combine the four attributes of energy creation, energy transmission, energy storage, and energy use. Figure 2 shows the integration model of the PV and China's railway systems.
China's railway has been experiencing rapid growth recently. The achievement of solar energy for the increasing electricity consumption in the rail sector attracts significant attentions. In this paper, the available solar energy on the covered land and trackside land in the rail itself is assessed for further utilization.
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In terms of the PV output potential of the railway system, Dr. K.S. Alam proposed a new environmentally friendly solar-piezoelectric hybrid power plant model, which uses only renewable
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