Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and hydrogen (H 2) are promising technologies for short- and long-duration energy storage, respectively. A hybrid LIB-H 2 energy storage system could thus offer a more cost-effective and reliable solution to balancing demand in renewable microgrids.
Results and discussion The hybrid microgrid is comprised of the wind farm and the hybrid storage system, which is divided into the LIB and H 2 subsystems. The LIB subsystem consists of LIBs and can be described using LIB power capacity and LIB energy storage capacity. The two parameters are related using the LIB energy-power ratio.
In the hybrid-storage microgrid analyzed in this study, electricity is generated only by local wind power resources, while a hybrid LIB-H 2 energy storage system bridges mismatches between wind energy supply and electricity demand. In the H 2 subsystem, electricity is converted to H 2 using a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer (El).
Neither LIB nor H 2 storage alone achieve minimum cost for a 100%-wind supplied microgrid. A hybrid-storage system offers significant cost reductions. In the 2020 baseline hybrid-storage microgrid, total cost is distributed evenly among the three subsystems— H 2, LIB, and the wind farm.
Conclusion Selecting the right energy storage method for a microgrid depends on various factors, including cost, efficiency, response time, and environmental impact. Energy control systems
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Compared to using just LIB or H 2 alone for energy storage, the hybrid storage system was found to provide significant cost reductions. A sensitivity analysis showed that components of
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